Image: Ezekiel’s Vision of a Chariot, in St. John the Baptist Church in Kratovo, Macedonia, 1836. Artist unknown, public domain.
“Haftorah?” asked a puzzled student, “So where is the other half?”
Haftarah (pronounced haf-tuh-RAH, or haf-TOH-rah) is a word that puzzles many people who hear it. It is not “half-Torah” as the Ashkenazi pronunciation seems to hint. Haftarah is a reading from the books of the prophets, the Nevi’im.
Nevi’im (neh-vee-EEM), the second part of the Jewish Bible, includes:
Former Prophets (sometimes called “Histories”):
- Joshua
- Judges
- Samuel I & II
- Kings I & II
Major Prophets (“major” for length, not for pre-eminence)
- Isaiah
- Jeremiah
- Ezekiel
The 12 Minor Prophets (“minor” for length, not importance)
- Hosea
- Joel
- Amos
- Obadiah
- Jonah
- Micah
- Nahum
- Habakkuk
- Zephaniah
- Haggai
- Zebediah
- Malachi
Unlike the Torah readings, which include, over the course of the year, every word from the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy, the Haftarah readings are only from selected portions of the prophetic books. The readings always have some link to the Torah reading, although sometimes it takes study to perceive the link.
We do not know for sure when or why the Haftarah readings became part of the Shabbat Torah service. For some interesting speculation on that subject, read What is the Haftarah and Why Do We Read It? by Rabbi Peretz Rodman.
Haftarah is usually read or chanted in Hebrew from a book or printed page, not from a scroll.
The Haftarah reading have its own set of blessings, before and after, like the Torah reading. It is chanted to a distinctive trope [melody] used only for Haftarah. For an example of Haftarah trope, watch this video of (now Rabbi) Michael Harvey chanting the Haftarah to Parashat Noach:
Years ago, I had a classmate in Rabbi Chester’s Hebrew classes who was an Episcopal priest. He taught us the mnemonic he had learned in school for keeping track of the order of “those crazy minor Prophets”: Ho, Jo, Am; Ob, Jo, MiNa (as in mynah bird); HaZe HaZe Ma (hazy hazy May). I’ve never taken the time to learn what all the full names are, but I know what order to put them in!
Wow! I am a bit speechless! That’s one wild mnemonic.